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VADOSE/W
on Intel processors
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Index
1. Overview
2. Easy
to Use
3. Comprehensive
Results
4. Integration
5. Typical
Applications
6. Features
7. Formulation
8. Engineering
Methodology Book
9. System
Requirements
10. In the
Box
 Environmental Impact on Soil Conditions
Understanding unsaturated soil mechanics is now critical for
geotechnical engineers performing slope stability analyses,
designing soil covers for mine or municipal waste facilities,
or determining the effect of agricultural or irrigation projects
on groundwater flow. Environmental conditions at the ground
surface, such as precipitation, evaporation and transpiration,
have been increasingly recognized as having a significant
impact on soil behaviour in the unsaturated or vadose zone.
In fact, “unsaturated soil mechanics may have more to
do with the ground surface moisture flux conditions than it
has to do with the thickness of the unsaturated soil zone”
(D.G. Fredlund, Geotechnical News, Dec. 2001). So how
can you determine the impact of environmental conditions on
the unsaturated zone? VADOSE/W provides a solution to this
problem..
Comprehensive and Powerful
VADOSE/W is a finite element software product for analyzing
flow from the environment, across the ground surface, through
the unsaturated vadose zone and into the local groundwater
regime. Its comprehensive formulation allows you to analyze
both simple and complex problems. For example, you can perform
a simple analysis of ground infiltration due to rainfall,
or you can build a sophisticated model that considers snow
melt and root transpiration, as well as surface evaporation,
runoff, ponding, and gas diffusion. You can apply VADOSE/W
to the analysis and design of geotechnical, mining, hydrogeological,
agricultural, and civil engineering projects.
VADOSE
is integrated in GeoStudio 2004
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A
Complete Modeling Solution
VADOSE/W utilizes the same easy-to-use, CAD-like interface
found in GEO-SLOPE's popular Office suite of geotechnical
software. You can even estimate the material property functions
from easily measured parameters like grain-size, saturated
conductivity, saturated water content, and the air-entry value.
If you make a mistake, you can correct it using the Undo command.
To create a VADOSE/W model:
- Define
geometry graphically with the mouse or by typing in values.
Generate your finite element mesh and then add a soil
cover mesh at the surface.
- Specify
material properties and climate data by pasting directly
from a spreadsheet, importing from the included databases,
or by typing in your own values.
- Interactively
apply boundary conditions as fully coupled to the climate,
as a function of time, or as specific values for temperature,
head, pressure, total or unit water flux, or a potential
seepage surface.
- Scale
data automatically in order to conduct sensitivity studies
or to create data suited to your specific site.
- Define
initial conditions for the analysis by drawing an initial
water table and nodal temperatures or by using computed
results from a previously solved problem.
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Infiltration and ponding resulting from high rainfall
event
Comparison of down slope and up slope cumulative surface
infiltration on a shallow sloped cover
Water content profiles across capillary break during
a 365 day simulation in a shallow sloped cover
Viewing
the Analysis Results
Once you have solved your evaporative flux problem, VADOSE/W
offers many tools for viewing results. Generate contours or
x-y plots of any computed parameter for any time steps. Velocity
vectors show flow direction and rate. Transient conditions
can be shown as the changing water table position over time.
Interactively query computed values by clicking on any node,
Gauss region, or flux section. Then export tables of results
into other applications, such as Microsoft Excel or Word,
for further analysis or to prepare presentations.
Computed Parameters
When VADOSE/W analyzes an evaporative flux problem, it computes
data regarding:
- Precipitation
and infiltration
- Snow
accumulation and melt
- Plant
transpiration
- Ground
freezing and thawing
- Potential
and actual evaporation
- Surface
seepage, runoff and ponding
- Groundwater
recharge
| Specific
computed parameters include: |
- Temperature
- Total
Head
- Pressure
- Pressure
Head
- Boundary
Flux
- Liquid
Velocity
|
- Vapor
Velocity
- Ice
Content
- Water
Content
- Vapor
Pressure
- Conductivity
- Gas
Concentration / Flux
|
| Soil
surface results data includes (for each time interval,
or cumulative since Day 1): |
- Precipitation
- Net
Radiation
- Potential
Evaporation
- Actual
Evaporation
|
- Runoff
- Infiltration
- Snow
Depth
- Actual
Transpiration
|
| Water
Balance data includes cumulative: |
- Precipitation
- Runoff
- Boundary
Fluxes
- Evaporation
|
- Storage
- Water
Balance
- Plant
Transpiration
|
| Cover
layer interface results data includes: |
- Volume
of liquid flow
- Volume
of vapor flow
- Total
volume across layer
|
- Total
gas mass across layer
|
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Site-measured
net solar radiation data can be imported if available;
otherwise, VADOSE/W uses other climate data to predict
similar values for net solar radiation.
Using finite element computed pore-water pressures in SLOPE/W
makes it possible to model the effects of evaporative flux
on stability. For example, you can analyze changes in stability
as the pore-water pressure changes over time due to the evaporative
flux process. Also use VADOSE/W data in CTRAN/W contaminant
transport analysis.
Click
for a complete  Product Integration Chart
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VADOSE/W 2007 is part of GeoStudio 2007, an integrated tool
containing GEO-SLOPE's leading suite of geotechnical modeling
software products: SLOPE/W, SEEP/W, SIGMA/W, QUAKE/W, TEMP/W,
CTRAN/W, AIR/W and VADOSE/W. Using GeoStudio means you can
run all of these products in one environment, creating one
model definition that is shared among all products.
For example, when you create your geometry and material
properties in one product, they are available immediately
in all other products. Your model is stored in one definition
file, which is based on the industry-standard XML format.
Sharing the data lets you run many analyses on the same
problem. You can use the results from one analysis in another,
or import files created by previous versions of the software.
Using
VADOSE/W, you can analyze 2D flux boundary problems such as:
- Design
and performance monitoring of single or multi-layered
soil covers over mine and municipal waste facilities
- Development
of climate controlled pore-water pressure distributions
on natural or man-made slopes for use in stability analyses
- Determining
infiltration, evaporation and transpiration rates resulting
from agriculture, irrigation projects, or natural systems
- Predicting
oxygen or radon gas diffusion and decay through the vadose
zone
- plus
many more!
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- Generate
soil cover meshes based on cover thickness and soil type
data.
- Model
complex soil cover stratigraphy, including pinchout layers.
- Use
adaptive time stepping during the solve process to help
with convergence and the diurnal nature of climate boundary
data.
- Estimate
soil properties based on grain size data or other input
soil functions.
- Use
a scalable global climate database or enter site specific
climate data.
- Specify
net solar radiation or potential evaporation as your climate
data, or let VADOSE/W estimate the energy component.
- Import
and export DXF, WMF, EMF, or bitmap graphics.
- Density-dependent
analysis with contaminant density different than groundwater
density.
- And
many more!
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Computing
the Surface Flux Boundary
The key to modeling the vadose zone is predicting an accurate
surface boundary condition. VADOSE/W computes this surface
flux boundary by coupling ground heat, mass and vapor flow
with actual climate data.
VADOSE/W extends the concepts found in the popular SoilCover
program into two dimensions. Critical to the formulation of
VADOSE/W is its ability to predict actual evaporation as a
function of the soil water stress state, rather than simply
using soil water content, drying time, or empirical user-defined
relationships. Instead, VADOSE/W uses the rigorous Penman-Wilson
method to compute actual evaporation as a function of soil
water pressure, a stress state variable. It is the only 2D
product using this state-of-the-art approach.
Actual and Potential Evaporation
Actual Evaporation (AE) is only equal to Potential Evaporation
(PE) when the soil is saturated. If the soil at the ground
surface is not saturated, the AE rate can be much less than
the PE rate. Wilson (1990, 1994) showed that the only way
AE can be predicted correctly for all soil types and climatic
conditions is to base the calculation on both the negative
pore-water pressures and temperatures in the ground. Wilson
modified the Penman (1948) method to make the actual evaporation
rate dependent on the relative humidity of the soil and the
air. The relative humidity in the soil can only be known if
the soil temperature and water pressure are known and solved
for simultaneously. To solve this complex set of equations,
it is necessary to include vapor flow in the soil. VADOSE/W
meets all these requirements, and is fully coupled in two
dimensions.
Wilson, G. W., 1990. Soil Evaporative Fluxes for Geotechnical
Engineering Problems. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan,
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Wilson, G. W., Fredlund, D. G. & Barbour, S. L. 1994.
Coupled soil-atmosphere modelling for soil evaporation.
Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 31(2): 151-161.
Penman, H. L., 1948. Natural evapotranspiration from
open water, bare soil and grass. Proc. R. Soc. London
Ser. A. 193: 120-245.
Gas Transport
VADOSE/W is formulated to analyze transient 2-dimensional
oxygen or radon gas diffusion, dissolution and decay in response
to changing heat and moisture conditions in the ground. The
gas transport analysis is carried out simultaneously with
the coupled heat and mass transfer solution. This feature
can be used to determine gas concentrations and mass flows
into or out of the ground in response to pre-set or user input
concentration boundary conditions.
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When you purchase a VADOSE/W 2007 license you also receive
a copy of the VADOSE/W Engineering Methodology book, Vadose
Zone Modeling with VADOSE/W 2007. This book is not a software
manual but a full-length book that discusses why and how to
model. It does not describe how to use the commands in the
software or which buttons to click - that is provided in detail
in the Online Help. Instead it is about thinking: how to think
before, during and after setting up and solving a model. The
Engineering Methodology book has chapters devoted to:
- Introduction
- Numerical
Modeling: What, Why and How
- Meshing
- Material
Properties
- Boundary
Conditions
- Analysis
Types
- Numerical
Issues
- Visualization
of Results
- Modeling
Tips and Tricks
- Product
Integration Illustrations
- Illustrative
Examples
- Theory
- Appendices
- References
- Index
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The
GeoStudio Student Edition is a free product designed as an
aid to learning geotechnical numerical modeling. It is an
ideal teaching tool for university professors both at the
undergraduate and graduate levels.
The software contains limited versions of SLOPE/W, SEEP/W,
SIGMA/W, QUAKE/W, TEMP/W, CTRAN/W, AIR/W and VADOSE/W.
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Pentium
III with Microsoft Windows 2000, XP, or Vista
Intel dual-core processor with 1 GB of RAM recommended
800x600 display (1024x768 or higher is recommended)
Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 or higher
.NET 1.1 (.NET 2.0 included on the CD)
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VADOSE/W
2007 ships with these items:
- A
CD-ROM containing GeoStudio 2007 and Seep3D
- A
Resources CD-ROM containing tutorials and detailed example
problems
- A
Resources CD-ROM containing tutorials and detailed example
problems
- Free
Student and Viewer licenses for all software on the CD
(except for Seep3D, which does not have a Student license)
- Hardware
keys for any licenses you purchased. The license files
themselves will be delivered electronically.
- Engineering
Methodology books for each product you purchased
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