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SIGMA/W
on Intel processors
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Index
1. Overview
2. Easy
to Use
3. Integration
4. Typical
Applications
5. Features
6. Formulation
7. Engineering
Methodology Book
8. Student
Edition
9. Basic Edition
10. System Requirements
11. In the
Box
 SIGMA/W is a finite element software
product that can be used to perform stress and deformation
analyses of earth structures. Its comprehensive formulation
makes it possible to analyze both simple and highly complex
problems. For example, you can perform a simple linear elastic
deformation analysis or a highly sophisticated, nonlinear
elastic-plastic effective stress analysis.
The many constitutive soil models allow you to represent a
wide range of soils or structural materials. In addition,
when coupled with SEEP/W, SIGMA/W can model the pore-water
pressure generation and dissipation in a soil structure in
response to external loads.
These features enable SIGMA/W to analyze almost any stress
or deformation problem you will encounter in geotechnical,
civil, and mining engineering projects.
SIGMA/W
is integrated in GeoStudio 2004
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Defining
a Stress and Deformation Model
The unique CAD-like technology in SIGMA/W allows you to generate
your finite element mesh by drawing regions on the screen.
You can then specify material properties and interactively
apply boundary conditions, structural elements, trusses, and
fill or excavation layers. If you make a mistake, you can
correct it using the Undo command.
Viewing the Analysis Results
Once you have solved your problem, SIGMA/W offers many tools
for viewing results. View a deformed mesh or displacement
vectors at any magnification. Generate contours or x-y plots
of more than 30 computed parameters, including deformation,
total and effective stress, strain and pore-water pressure.
Display shaded yield zones. View the stress state at any node
or element Gauss point as a Mohr Circle with the associated
space-force diagrams. Plot shear or moment distribution along
structural elements. Then export the results into other applications,
such as Microsoft Excel or Word, for further analysis or to
prepare presentations.
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Use
SIGMA/W stresses in SLOPE/W or QUAKE/W
Using finite element computed stresses in SLOPE/W makes it
possible to conduct a rigorous stability analysis using the
same stress values resulting from the deformation analysis.
In addition, you can use SIGMA/W stresses as the initial stress
state for a dynamic earthquake analysis in QUAKE/W.
Use SIGMA/W pore-water pressures in SLOPE/W or SEEP/W
Excess pore-water pressures generated by static loading, such
as fill placement, can be brought into SEEP/W to study how
long it takes to dissipate the excess pressures in the foundation.
You can use SLOPE/W to analyze the effect of these excess
pressures on stability during construction, allowing you to
determine the need for staged loading.
Click
for a complete  Product Integration Chart
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SIGMA/W 2007 is part of GeoStudio 2007, an integrated tool
containing GEO-SLOPE's leading suite of geotechnical modeling
software products: SLOPE/W, SEEP/W, SIGMA/W, QUAKE/W, TEMP/W,
CTRAN/W, AIR/W and VADOSE/W. Using GeoStudio means you can
run all of these products in one environment, creating one
model definition that is shared among all products.
For example, when you create your geometry and material
properties in one product, they are available immediately
in all other products. Your model is stored in one definition
file, which is based on the industry-standard XML format.
Sharing the data lets you run many analyses on the same
problem. You can use the results from one analysis in another,
or import files created by previous versions of the software.
SIGMA/W
can model almost any stress or deformation problem, including:
- Settlement
of footings, fluid-filled tanks, or earth structures
- Deformation
within or underneath an embankment or earth dam
- Closure
around a tunnel
- Lateral
movement of braced or anchored excavations and surface
settlement around the excavation
- Floor
rebound of open-pit, sloping excavations
- Volume
changes (uncoupled consolidation or heave) resulting from
pore-water pressure changes
- Staged
fill placement, earth removal
- Soil-structure
interaction, including free un-bonded anchors, cross excavation
struts, and trusses
- Fully-coupled
consolidation analysis
- Simulation
of tailings deposition
- Permanent
deformations resulting from strength loss
- Strength
reduction stability
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- Analysis
types include drained total and effective stress, undrained
total and effective stress, 2D plane strain, 3D axisymmetric,
consolidation and swelling, and insitu stress.
- Constitutive
soil models include linear-elastic, anisotropic linear-elastic,
nonlinear-elastic, elastic-plastic, and Modified Cam-clay.
- Boundary
condition types include X and Y displacements, forces,
pressures, and spring constants, as well as self-weight
gravity loading.
- Structural
beam and bar elements for soil-structure interaction.
- Staged
loading for fill placement or earth removal.
- Un-coupled
volume change due to pore-pressure changes
- Fully-coupled
stress-pore pressure analyses
- User
Add-In constitutive models
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SIGMA/W
is formulated for 2-dimen-sional plane strain or axisymmetric
problems using a small displacement, small strain, incremental
load formulation. For each load step, incremental displacement
at each node resulting from the incremental load is computed
and added to the displacement at the beginning of the load
step to give the total displacement. For soil models with
nonlinear material properties, SIGMA/W solves the equations
iteratively using the Newton-Raphson technique; soil properties
are updated every iteration until a converged solution is
achieved.
You can simulate the filling and excavation of materials by
activating or deactivating finite elements at various stages
of the construction process. SIGMA/W can be used with SEEP/W
for un-coupled consolidation analyses. SEEP/W calculates transient
pore-water pressure changes due to the applied load, while
SIGMA/W calculates deformations resulting from the pore-water
pressure changes.
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When you purchase a SIGMA/W 2007 license you also receive
a copy of the SIGMA/W Engineering Methodology book, Stress
and Deformation Modeling with SIGMA/W 2007. This book
is not a software manual but a full-length book that discusses
why and how to model. It does not describe how to use the
commands in the software or which buttons to click - that
is provided in detail in the Online Help. Instead it is about
thinking: how to think before, during and after setting up
and solving a model. The Engineering Methodology book has
chapters devoted to:
- Introduction
- Numerical
Modeling: What, Why and How
- SIGMA/W:
Fundamentals and Practical Modeling Considerations
- Meshing
- Material
Properties
- Boundary
Conditions
- Analysis
Types
- Structural
Elements
- Fill
and Excavation
- Consolidation
- Numerical
Issues
- Visualization
of Results
- Illustrative
Examples
- Product
Integration
- Theory
- Appendices
- References
- Index
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The
GeoStudio Student Edition is a free product designed as an
aid to learning geotechnical numerical modeling. It is an
ideal teaching tool for university professors both at the
undergraduate and graduate levels.
The software contains limited versions of SLOPE/W, SEEP/W,
SIGMA/W, QUAKE/W, TEMP/W, CTRAN/W, AIR/W and VADOSE/W.
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The
GeoStudio Basic Edition is a feature-limited version of seven
products: SLOPE/W, SEEP/W, SIGMA/W, QUAKE/W, TEMP/W, CTRAN/W
and AIR/W. The Basic Edition is ideal for use in routine engineering
practice for the analysis of problems with limited geometric
complexity. While primarily intended for analyzing the stability
of natural and man-made earth slopes, you can also use GeoStudio
Basic for the analysis of confined and unconfined steady-state
seepage problems, for the analysis of linear-elastic settlement
and stress distribution problems, for the tracking of contaminants
within ground water flow and for the analysis of freeze-thaw
problems.
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Pentium
III with Microsoft Windows 2000, XP, or Vista
Intel dual-core processor with 1 GB of RAM recommended
800x600 display (1024x768 or higher is recommended)
Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 or higher
.NET 1.1 (.NET 2.0 included on the CD)
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SIGMA/W
2007 ships with these items:
- A
CD-ROM containing GeoStudio 2007 and Seep3D
- A
Resources CD-ROM containing tutorials and detailed example
problems
- Free
Student and Viewer licenses for all software on the CD
(except for Seep3D, which does not have a Student license)
- Hardware
keys for any licenses you purchased. The license files
themselves will be delivered electronically.
- Engineering
Methodology books for each product you purchased
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